Nursing and Health Care Essay

1. In 1200 B.C., the ill were treated with a mixture of physical, prayer, and magic spells. Temples were health centers. From the 1st-10th century initial portion out was at the local bishops house. They had deacons and deaconesses. In the 19th century, take fors c argond for affected role of roles while at the risk of exposure to disease. treat in hospitals expanded in the 19th century, but treat the communities did non extend significantly until 1893 when the enthalpy Street Settlement opened and focused on the health needs of pathetic people who lived in tenements in hot York City. 2.3. breast feeding is the harborion, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities prevention of illness and injury rest of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response and protagonism in the armorial bearing of man-to-mans, families, communities, and populations. 4. She saw the role of nursing as having press down on of any(prenominal) personates health b ased on the subsistledge of how to roll the body in such a state to be foreswear of disease or to recover from disease. She was the first have got epidemiologist who connected poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery. 5. There were no standards to help control disease. treat was not a distinct job.6. Florence Nightingale-implemented methods to improve battlefield sanitation, which ultimately cut back illness, infection, and mortality. Clara Barton- 1st woman to gain employment in the federal politics and is the fo at a lower place of the American Red Cross and tended to soldiers on the battlefield, cleansing their wounds, merging their rudimentary needs and comforting them in death. Dorothea Lynde Dix-School t severallyer, founded give lessonss, advocate for the mentally ill, organise an army nursing corps, and organized hospitals and ambulatory services. Mary Eliza Mahoney- 1st Afro-American RN in the USA, line of worked with relationships in the midst of cultures and races, Cofounder of The National knowledge of colourful People.Isabel Hampton Robb- founder of modern ANA and American nursing hypothesis, established nursing standards, adopt a grading policy, author of nursing textbooks. Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster opened the Henry Street Settlement. 7. Theories are designed to explain a phenomenon such as self-care or caring. A nursing theory is a conceptualization of some aspect of nursing that describes, explains, predicts, or prescribes nursing. It helps to post the focus, means, and goals of usage. Theories give us office for assessing our patients situations and organizing data and methods for analyzing and interpreting study. Integration of theory into practice is the basis for master copy nursing.PROFESSIONALISM1. Caring, Competence, Collaboration, Critical opinion, Commitment to Holistic care, Integrity, Responsibility, and Accountability. 2. A profession requires a basic liberal foundation and an extended education of it s members, it has a supposed body of acquaintance leading to drawd skills, abilities, and norms, it provides a specific service, members of a profession have self-sufficiency in decision making and practice, and the profession as a whole has a code of ethics for practice. 3. LPN colleague Degree in Nursing (ADN)- 2 year program that focuses on the basic sciences and theoretical and clinical courses related to the practice of nursing. Bachelor of light in Nursing (BSN)- 4 year programs that focuses on the basic sciences theoretical and clinical courses and courses in the social sciences, arts, and humanities to support the nursing theory Masters Degree- is important for the roles of a nurse educator and nurse administrator, and it is infallible for an in advance(p) practice registered nurse Doctoral* Doctor of doctrine (PhD)- Emphasize more basic research and theory and research-oriented * Doctor of Nursing address pattern (DNP)- practice-focused and provides skills in obtai ning expanded acquaintance through the formulation and interpretations of evidence-based practice 4. Caregiver- help patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and symptoms, and attain a maximal level function and independence through the healing process. Advocate- cherish your patients human and sanctioned rights and provide assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises. Educator- explain concepts and facts closely health, describe the reason for role care activities, demonstrate procedures such as self-care activities, reinforce learning or patient behavior, and evaluate the patients progress in learning. Communicator- it allows you to know your patients strengths, weaknesses, and their needs.Without it you cannot give comfort and emotional support, make decisions with patients and families, give care effectively, hold dear patients from threats to well-being, coordinate and manage patient care, assist in patient rehabilitation, or provide patient education . Manager- uses appropriate leadership styles to create a nursing environment for the patients and faculty that reflect the mission and values of the health care organization. 5. Licensure- moldiness pass NCLEX to receive license. This provides a standard minimized knowledge base for nurses. 6. Certified by bailiwick nursing organizations in more or less 20 specific areas of nursing practice. After passing an exam, maintain deposition by completing CEUs.7. According to Benner, an expert nurse passes through quintuplet levels of proficiency when acquiring and developing generalist or specialized nursing skills. Novice-beginning nursing student learns via a specific set of rules or procedures. good Beginner-Nurse has had some level of experience, may be observational, but is fitted to identify meaningful aspects or principles of nursing care. Competent- establish long-range goals, and has been in the said(prenominal) position for 2-3 years with an understanding of organization and specific care required by the type of patient. Proficient- Same clinical position for 2-3 years, focuses on managing care, and is up to(p) to assess an entire situation and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous experiences to a situation. Expert-can focus on multiple dimensions of a situation and has an intuitive grasp of an existing or potential clinical problem. Skilled at identifying patient-centered problems and problems related to the health care system. 8.9. Advanced radiation diagram Nurse-most independent nurse, has masters spirit level in nursing advanced education in pathophysiology, pharmacology, and physical appraisal and certification and expertise in a specialized area of practice-clinical nurse specialist, testify nurse practitioner, certified nurse midwife, and certified RN anesthetist. Nurse Educator-works primarily in schools of nursing, staff knowledge department of health care agencies, and patient education departments. Must have experience in clinical practice to provide them with unimaginative skills and theoretical knowledge. Nurse Administrator- manages patient care and the delivery of specific nursing services within a health care agency. Examples assistant nurse manager, nurse manager, house supervisor, director of nursing, and chief nurse executive or vice president. Nurse Researcher- investigates problems to improve nursing care and further define and expand the scope of nursing practice.10. National League for Nursing-advances excellence in nursing education to prepare nurses to meet the needs of a assorted population in a changing health care environment. American Nurses Association- improves standards of health and availability of health care, to comfort high standards for nursing, and to promote the sea captain development and general and economic welfare of nurses. International Council of Nursing- promote national associations of nurses, improving standards of nursing practice, seeking high er status for nurses, and providing an international place base for nurses. National Student Nurses Association/ Student Nurse Association of PA- consider issues of importance to nursing students such as career development and preparation for licensing. Specialty Organizations- seek to improve the standards of practice, expand nursing roles, and foster the welfare of nurses within specialty areas. Publish journals and present educational programs. 11.12. Problem-solving approach to clinical practice that involves the conscientious use of current best evidence, on with clinical expertise and patient preferences and values in making decisions about patient care. 13. Ask a clinical question that is problem focused. need the most relevant and best evidence. Critically appraise the evidence you gather. combine all evidence with ones clinical expertise and patient preferences and values in making a practice decision or change. Evaluate the practice decision or change. Share knowledge. LEGAL ISSUES IN NURSING PRACTICE1. Statutory faithfulness- written by state legislature and U.S. Congress-may be a cultivated or criminal offense. Civil laws protect the rights of individuals within our society and provide for fair and equitable treatment when complaisant wrongs or violations occur. Fines or community service and examples are malpractice or negligence. execrable laws protect society as a whole and provide penalization for crimes, which are defined as municipal, state, and federal legislation-felony or misdemeanor. Administrative Law (Regulatory Law)-reflects decisions made by administrative bodies such as State Boards of Nursing when they pass rules and regulations. Common Law- departs from judicial decision made in courts when individual legal cases are decided-informed consent, patients right to resist treatment, negligence, and malpractice. 2. Federal laws- body of laws that were created by the federal government of the country. Emergency Medical Treatment and Active excavate Law (EMTALA)- when patient comes to emergency department an appropriate medical concealment occurs within the capacity of the hospital- cannot discharge or transfer patient until they are stable. The Health Care Quality Improvement Act of 1986. forbearing handbill of Right- became patient care partnership given out to patients. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)- prohibits variation and ensures for persons with disabilities equal opportunities in employment, state and local government services, public accommodations, commercial facilities, and transportation. People with HIV do not have to disclose their disability. Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA)-requires health care institutions to provide written information to patients concerning their right under state law to make decisions including the right to refuse treatment and formulate advance directives. Patients records need to document whether or not the patient has signed an advance directive. For living wills or durable powers of lawyer for health care to be enforceable, the patient must be licitly incompetent or lack to the capacity to make decisions regarding health care treatment. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-protects individuals from losing their health care redress when changing jobs by providing portability.These rules create patient rights to consent to the use and divine revelation of their protected health information, to inspect and copy ones medical record, and to amend mistaken or incomplete information. State Laws-Mandatory Reporting Laws-communicable diseases, school immunizations, suspected neglect and abuse, legal immunity provided to the reporter, may face civil or criminal action if nor reported. Good Samaritan Laws-limit liability and offer legal immunity if a nurse helps at the scene of an accident. Nurse Practice Act- describe and define the legal boundaries of nursing practice within each state. Scope of Practice-perf orm a procedure in which you have training for, distinguishes between nursing and malpractice. 3. RN-licensed and educated in nursing process and critical thinking responsible for who you delegate to. LPN- licensed but does not cover assessment of patient. Can collect data but must give to nurse. NA/PCT- not licensed 4. Standards of care are set by ANA and are the legal requirements for nursing practice that describe the minimum acceptable nursing care. Nurse practice act defines scope of nursing practice, distinguishing between nursing and medical practice and establishing education and licensure requirements for nurses. Internal-Standards defined within hospital. External- developed by ANA and TJC-accredited body of the hospital-health department.5. Established to help accredited organizations address specific areas of concern in regards to patient safety. Identify patients correctly. Improve staff communication. Use medicines safely. counteract infection. Identify patient safety risks. Prevent mistakes in surgery. 6. Advance directive include living wills, health care proxies, and durable powers of attorney for health care. They are based on values of informed consent, patient autonomy over end-of-life decisions, truth telling, and control over the dying process. 7. Living wills salute written documents that direct treatment in accordance with a patients wishes in the event of a terminal illness or condition. The patient is able to declare which medical procedures he or she wants or does not want when terminally ill or in a vegetative state. Durable Power of Attorney for health care is a legal document that designates a person or persons of ones choosing to make health care decisions when the patient is no longer able to make decisions on his or her own behalf. 8.9.10. Negligence is conduct that move below a standard of care. Courts define negligence cases as the degree of care that an ordinarily careful and prudent person would use under the same or sim ilar circumstances. 11. Malpractice is a type of negligence and is lots referred to as professional negligence. When nursing care falls below a standard of care, nursing malpractice occurs. 12. Assault- any action that places a person in apprehension of a harmful or offensive contact without consent. Battery-any knowing touching without consent. False Imprisonment-unjustified restraint of a person without legal mug and requires the patient be aware of confinement. Defamation of Character- publication of false statements that result in damage to a persons reputation. Invasion of Privacy- the release of a patients medical information to an unauthorized person such as a member of the press, the patients employer, or the patients family. Breach of Confidentiality-